autonomic
The Autonomic Nervous system, commonly known as the visceral nervous system, is a system that acts as a control to influence the heart rate, digestion of food, breathing, salivation, perspiration, sexual arousal, and swallowing. Most of the functions of the Autonomic nervous are involuntary, meaning that they cannot be controlled. This nervous system is divided into two sides, the parasympathetic and the sympathetic. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the “rest-and-digest” activities that occur while the body is resting, while the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for “fight-or-flight” responses, commonly known as instinct. The last system involved with the autonomic portion of the nervous system is the enteric nervous system. This consists of a mesh-like system of neurons the helps the function of the gastrointestinal system. However, the enteric nervous system is now look at to be separate from the autonomic nervous system, due to it having its own independent reflex activity. (Caroline T, Bryan F, Tianna H, and Anthony C)
NervousThe peripheral nervous system, or PNS, is subdivided into the sensory-somatic nervoussystem and the autonomic nervous system. It acts as the reflex center of the body,unconsciously and involuntarily moving the body, reacting to certain stimuli like sound and heat.There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the brain that form connections between the head andupper body. They are designated by numbers and names that give clues to their functions. Theoptic nerve, for example, is cranial nerve II and controls vision. 31 pairs ofspinal nervesestablish connections throughout the rest of the body to all of the internal organs, beginning atthe spinal cord and passing through openings in the vertebrae. Motor and sensory neurons arepresent in all spinal nerves and most cranial nerves, with some cranial nerves containing onlysensory neurons. The tenth pair of cranial nerves is known as the vagus nerve, located in themedulla oblongata. It helps keep inflammation under control. (Ian C, Ty'Jae B and Kristen J)
Nerve descriptionNerves Description: Nerve cells are the primary cells in the nervous system. They are responsible for relaying electrical messages to cells and tissues in other organ systems.
Fun Facts: - There are more nerve cells in the human brain than there are stars in the Milky Way. - If we lined up all the neurons in our body it would be around 600 miles long. - There are 100 billion neurons in your brain alone. - A newborn baby's brain grows almost 3 times during the course of its first year. - The left side of human brain controls the right side of the body and the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body. - A New born baby loses about half of their nerve cells before they are born. - As we get older, the brain loses almost one gram per year. - There are about 13, 500,000 neurons in the human spinal cord. - The total surface area of the human brain is about 25, 000 square cm. (Loren D) neronA neuron is a nerve cell that specializes in transmitting information both in chemical and electricalforms. There is approximately 100 billion neurons in our nervous system. The main portion is called thesoma which contains the nucleus. The nucleus contains genetic material in forms of chromosomes. Onthe ends of neurons are dendrites that receives chemical messages from other neurons. Each dendrite isdifferent and is called the axon, which transmits an electro-chemical signal to other neurons. Thecovering of the axons is the myelin sheath (fatty cells), their function is compared to the insulationaround an electric wire. There is three broad neuron groups: sensory neurons (found in skin, muscles,joints and organs), motor neurons (stimulate muscle cells throughout the body like the heart, diaphragmand bladder) and interneurons (the connection between sensory and motor neurons). If you lined up all the neurons that are in the body, they would stretch 600 miles. That is about the distance from Myrtle Beach to Nassau, Bahamas. (Hannah W, Shannon W, Matt E, Bersy A)
Cerebrospinal fluidCerebrospinal fluid is a watery substance in the brain that is continuously produced by the choroid plexus and absorbed by the venous system. It flows in the ventricles within the brain and around the surface of the brain and spinal cord. The primary function of the CSF is to cushion the brain within the skull and serve as a shock absorber for the central nervous system. It also circulates nutrients and chemicals filtered from the blood and removes waste from the brain.
ventricleThe Ventricle is a set of four openings in the brain where cerebrospinal fluid is produced. Without it the spine and brain would dry up and be incapable of preforming their functions. It is an essential part of the Nervous System due to this reason.
Spinal cordThe Spinal cord is the most important structure of the whole body. The spinal cord serves as thepathway between the brain and peripheral nervous system. The spinal cord is connected to the brain bythe medulla oblongata. The three major functions are: coordinating, sensory, and motor information.Covering the spinal cord are meninges. Meninges are tough outer coverings that are really important.There are three layers to the meninges: Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The layer haveblood vessels and tissues to add extra support. They also protect the spinal cord. There are 31 vertebrain the spine. The spine can also be broken down into 5 sections: the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum,and coccyx. Nerve roots are the fiber bundles that come off the spinal cord. For each spinal segment,there are four nerve roots - two in front and two in back. The front nerve roots contain the nerves that control your body's movement. Dorsal nerve roots carry sensory information from the body into the spinal cord or brain. (Myself, Kurt W, Emily W and Jaclyn)
brainThe brain is the control center for the body. It receives messages, interprets them, and then responds to them by enabling the body to move, speak, have emotion, and control involuntary actions like heart rate, breathing, sweating and elimination of wastes. The brain has sections, with the main ones being the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, the temporal lobe, the cerebellum, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. The frontal lobe is where a person’s personality originates; it controls emotions, problem solving, memory, language, judgement, and social behavior. The parietal lobe is home to the processing of temperature, pain, and pressure. The occipital lobe’s main task is receiving messages from the retina and interpreting them to create vision. The temporal lobe deals with processing sound and smell. The cerebellum’s job is mainly voluntary fine movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech. It is about 10% of the brains total weight, and yet holds half of the brain’s neurons. The pons serves as a bridge between the cerebellum and the cerebrum. It contains important nerves, like the trigeminal (senses feeling in the face and controls the muscles for biting, chewing, and swallowing), the abducens (allows the eyes to move from side to side), the facial (controls facial expressions), and the vestibulocochlear (allows sound to move from the ear to the brain). The medulla oblongata is below the pons on the brainstem, and it is responsible for most of the necessary involuntary processes in the body. The medulla oblongata controls breathing, heart function, blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, vomiting, and swallowing.
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http://www.scienceclarified.com/photos/nervous-system-3044.jpg
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningitis/basics/definition/con-20019713
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/basics/definition/con-20028488
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epilepsy/basics/definition/con-20033721
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningitis/basics/definition/con-20019713
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/basics/definition/con-20028488
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epilepsy/basics/definition/con-20033721