Musculoskeletal System
There are three different types of muscles. Cardiac which is found in the heart, smooth muscle which is found in the stomach and the skeletal which is found attached to the bones. Voluntary goes along with the skeletal and involuntary goes along with the smooth and cardiac. Tends are muscle to bone, ligaments are bone to bone. A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue. There are different types of bones, there is short, long and flat. A long bone could be very small because it’s still considered long if the length is more than the width of the bone. There are also three different types of the joints, ball & socket which “is a joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone.” Pivot joints allow for rotation and a hinge is “a common class of synovial joint that includes the ankle, elbow, and knee joints. Hinge joints are formed between two or more bones where the bones can only move along one axis to flex or extend.”
Musculoskeletal Disease List
Gout- most commonly found in the elderly and middle age, common in white males and obesity. It results from the body not being able to secrete uric acid. It settles in the joint, between the bones and turns into “crystals” that form. It becomes painful and the joint can become inflamed, sensitive and swollen. The best medication for gout would be an anti-inflammatory of some sort, to help with the swelling. One with gout should avoid a high purine diet.
Osteoarthritis- also known as “regular arthritis”. It’s found mostly in the elderly and occurs when the cartilage in the joint begins to erode, therefore causing the bones to rub together and become inflamed. This bone on bone contact causes people with arthritis immense pain and it only gets worse, until the patient has surgery.
Osteoporosis- common in women who are post-menopausal. The body stops secreting the hormones that make the bones healthy and stay in balance. Doctors recommend yoga to the patients for them to keep their balance, and build a strong core. They have a tendency to break their bones easier than others. Great risk for broken bones is also caused by a lack of vitamin D and calcium.
Rhabdomyolysis- this disease is not common, but has been seen most in college students (Particularly in freshman). The muscle tissue begins to break down and excessive proteins ends in the blood and the kidneys can’t handle it. This disease (if untreated) can lead to organ failure or heart attack. Symptoms include: extreme fatigue and tiredness.
Fibromyalgia- the pain starts in the bones, the body is going through a nervous system over road. These patients are more sensitive to light and noises than others. They are also very sensitive to odors, which often times causes nausea. When they get sick, it’s much worse for them than a regular person.
Muscular Dystrophy- a group of genetic diseases where the muscle fibers are extremely prone to damage. The damaged muscles increasingly become weaker, until eventually the patient will need a wheelchair. Symptoms include: frequent falling or stumbling, trouble walking, running or jumping, and learning disabilities.
Tetanus- Tetanus is a serious illness caused by "Clostridium'" bacteria. The bacteria hides in substances such as, soil, saliva, dust, and manure. Then enters the body through an open wound, like a cut. Once the bacteria becomes an infection the patient will usually experience a “tightness” of their muscles all over the body. The actual vaccination for Tetanus is typically administered during childhood, but once the patient is an adulthood they can either get a Tetanus shot or a “booster” (every 10 years).
Fractures- the four types of fractures include simple, compound, green stick and buckle/stress. A simple fracture occurs when the bone does not form an open wound in the skin. A compound fracture is when an injury causes the bone to penetrate the skin. A green stick fracture occurs when a bone bends and has a “clean break” instead of breaking into separate tiny pieces. A buckle/stress fracture happens when there is an incomplete fracture of the bone that needs a cast to heal (common in children).
Bursitis – a bursa is a small, closed bag that has a minimum amount of "lubricatory fluid" , that serves as a shock absorber where bones make close contact with each other and to minimize trauma and friction where tendons cross bones and joints. Inflammation leads to pain and immobility in a joint area.
Herniated intervertebral disk (HID) - the bones forming the spine are cushioned by small, round, flat discs. These discs are suppose to act as "shock absorbers" for the spine and keep the spine flexible enough for movement. If the discs are damaged, they bulge out or break open (rupture), this is called a herniated or slipped disc. When a disc protrudes it compresses the nerve roots and cause severe pain to the patient. Symptoms include: Pain/numbness in the spinal region, muscle weakness, and cramping.
https://www.dmu.edu/medterms/musculoskeletal-system/musculoskeletal-system-diseases/
https://www.dmu.edu/medterms/musculoskeletal-system/musculoskeletal-system-diseases/
Current Event
"Making a point: pet acupuncture as medical alternative"
In 2012, 2-year-old dachshund pup 'Reita' injured her back resulting in what is known as a "herniated disc". The surgery went well and was successful until October 1st of this year (2014). Reita's family were concerned that if she were to undergo the procedure a second time, it wouldn't go well. The procedure can be risky and especially for animals, seeing as they are much smaller. As an alternative treatment, Reita's veterinarian suggested acupuncture." Acupuncture uses very fine needles inserted into specific parts of the body to stimulate the release of pain-relieving endorphins to help conditions such as chronic pain and skin, musculoskeletal and nervous disorders." "The needles start the release of hormones from the central nervous system and regulate blood flow, promoting healing." "After a few minutes, you can see the pet start to relax, as the pain and tension releases." This unique, but often successful treatment has been around for decades, but was not formally introduced as a" pet alternative treatment" until the 1990's. After about a week of Reita's acupuncture therapy, she was able to briefly stand on her back legs with no assistance. Reita doesn't seem to mind the treatment at all, as she keeps a happy demeanor throughout it. Now it has been a year since Reita began her treatment and she is doing great! Her family and veterinarian say that she is even doing better than she was before her surgery a few years back. The happy go lucky pup no longer takes pain medication or is need of a surgical procedure. Her family says they are so thrilled that Reita was healed with a holistic treatment instead of the surgical procedure/pain medication. It has been shown that long term use of pain medications can damage internal organs (Liver and Kidney).
http://www.delawareonline.com/story/life/pets/delawarepets/2014/10/20/making-point-pet-acupuncture-medical-alternative/17634019/
https://drive.google.com/a/horrycountyschools.net/file/d/0B-nZalNf_z73NGgtYnRwMTA0Q3M/view?usp=sharing
Gout- most commonly found in the elderly and middle age, common in white males and obesity. It results from the body not being able to secrete uric acid. It settles in the joint, between the bones and turns into “crystals” that form. It becomes painful and the joint can become inflamed, sensitive and swollen. The best medication for gout would be an anti-inflammatory of some sort, to help with the swelling. One with gout should avoid a high purine diet.
Osteoarthritis- also known as “regular arthritis”. It’s found mostly in the elderly and occurs when the cartilage in the joint begins to erode, therefore causing the bones to rub together and become inflamed. This bone on bone contact causes people with arthritis immense pain and it only gets worse, until the patient has surgery.
Osteoporosis- common in women who are post-menopausal. The body stops secreting the hormones that make the bones healthy and stay in balance. Doctors recommend yoga to the patients for them to keep their balance, and build a strong core. They have a tendency to break their bones easier than others. Great risk for broken bones is also caused by a lack of vitamin D and calcium.
Rhabdomyolysis- this disease is not common, but has been seen most in college students (Particularly in freshman). The muscle tissue begins to break down and excessive proteins ends in the blood and the kidneys can’t handle it. This disease (if untreated) can lead to organ failure or heart attack. Symptoms include: extreme fatigue and tiredness.
Fibromyalgia- the pain starts in the bones, the body is going through a nervous system over road. These patients are more sensitive to light and noises than others. They are also very sensitive to odors, which often times causes nausea. When they get sick, it’s much worse for them than a regular person.
Muscular Dystrophy- a group of genetic diseases where the muscle fibers are extremely prone to damage. The damaged muscles increasingly become weaker, until eventually the patient will need a wheelchair. Symptoms include: frequent falling or stumbling, trouble walking, running or jumping, and learning disabilities.
Tetanus- Tetanus is a serious illness caused by "Clostridium'" bacteria. The bacteria hides in substances such as, soil, saliva, dust, and manure. Then enters the body through an open wound, like a cut. Once the bacteria becomes an infection the patient will usually experience a “tightness” of their muscles all over the body. The actual vaccination for Tetanus is typically administered during childhood, but once the patient is an adulthood they can either get a Tetanus shot or a “booster” (every 10 years).
Fractures- the four types of fractures include simple, compound, green stick and buckle/stress. A simple fracture occurs when the bone does not form an open wound in the skin. A compound fracture is when an injury causes the bone to penetrate the skin. A green stick fracture occurs when a bone bends and has a “clean break” instead of breaking into separate tiny pieces. A buckle/stress fracture happens when there is an incomplete fracture of the bone that needs a cast to heal (common in children).
Bursitis – a bursa is a small, closed bag that has a minimum amount of "lubricatory fluid" , that serves as a shock absorber where bones make close contact with each other and to minimize trauma and friction where tendons cross bones and joints. Inflammation leads to pain and immobility in a joint area.
Herniated intervertebral disk (HID) - the bones forming the spine are cushioned by small, round, flat discs. These discs are suppose to act as "shock absorbers" for the spine and keep the spine flexible enough for movement. If the discs are damaged, they bulge out or break open (rupture), this is called a herniated or slipped disc. When a disc protrudes it compresses the nerve roots and cause severe pain to the patient. Symptoms include: Pain/numbness in the spinal region, muscle weakness, and cramping.
https://www.dmu.edu/medterms/musculoskeletal-system/musculoskeletal-system-diseases/
https://www.dmu.edu/medterms/musculoskeletal-system/musculoskeletal-system-diseases/
Current Event
"Making a point: pet acupuncture as medical alternative"
In 2012, 2-year-old dachshund pup 'Reita' injured her back resulting in what is known as a "herniated disc". The surgery went well and was successful until October 1st of this year (2014). Reita's family were concerned that if she were to undergo the procedure a second time, it wouldn't go well. The procedure can be risky and especially for animals, seeing as they are much smaller. As an alternative treatment, Reita's veterinarian suggested acupuncture." Acupuncture uses very fine needles inserted into specific parts of the body to stimulate the release of pain-relieving endorphins to help conditions such as chronic pain and skin, musculoskeletal and nervous disorders." "The needles start the release of hormones from the central nervous system and regulate blood flow, promoting healing." "After a few minutes, you can see the pet start to relax, as the pain and tension releases." This unique, but often successful treatment has been around for decades, but was not formally introduced as a" pet alternative treatment" until the 1990's. After about a week of Reita's acupuncture therapy, she was able to briefly stand on her back legs with no assistance. Reita doesn't seem to mind the treatment at all, as she keeps a happy demeanor throughout it. Now it has been a year since Reita began her treatment and she is doing great! Her family and veterinarian say that she is even doing better than she was before her surgery a few years back. The happy go lucky pup no longer takes pain medication or is need of a surgical procedure. Her family says they are so thrilled that Reita was healed with a holistic treatment instead of the surgical procedure/pain medication. It has been shown that long term use of pain medications can damage internal organs (Liver and Kidney).
http://www.delawareonline.com/story/life/pets/delawarepets/2014/10/20/making-point-pet-acupuncture-medical-alternative/17634019/
https://drive.google.com/a/horrycountyschools.net/file/d/0B-nZalNf_z73NGgtYnRwMTA0Q3M/view?usp=sharing