Endocrine SystemS- Patient complains of mass on the side of the neck, broad chest with widely spaced nipples, and height.
0- Patient has visible mass (lump) on the side of the neck, receding or small lower jaw, and is visibly shorter than the average height. A- I believe patient has a Thyroid goiter, Turner syndrome, and Dwarfism. P- Levothyroxine (Thyroid Goiter), Estrogen replacement therapy (Turner's Syndrome), Human growth hormones. Disease List
Addison disease- Occurs when the adrenal cortex is damaged and the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones. A person is more at risk of getting this disorder if they have had cancer, take blood thinners, have chronic infections like tuberculosis, had surgery to remove a part of the adrenal gland, or have an autoimmune disease such as type 1 diabetes or Graves’ disease. Symptoms are bronze pigmentation of skin, changes in distribution of body hair, hypoglycemia, or hypotension.
Cushing’s Disease- This is when the body has abnormally high levels of a hormone called cortisol. Symptoms to this syndrome are a round shaped face, upper body weight gain, and skin that bruises easily. Woman with this syndrome can experience increased body hair and menstrual irregularities. Children with this syndrome can often experience obesity and have a slow rate of growth. Treatment for this syndrome all depends on what is causing the problem and the doctor may prescribe medication to help control cortisol production. Hypertension Diabetes Insipidus-This is characterized by extreme thirst and having to urinate frequently. Head injury can cause it. Tumors can also cause it. The pituitary gland secrets an anti-diuretic hormone, the hormone isn’t there anymore. It can cause a fast heart rate. If you don’t have enough fluid to your vessel you’ll have low blood pressure. Symptoms are dry skin, constipation, extreme thirst, and weak muscles. Diabetes Mellitus- This is a common metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin action, insulin production, or both. Symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, increased thirst, dehydration, weight loss, blurred vision, fatigue, and occasionally a coma. Risk factors of diabetes is family history, age, ethnicity, or behavioral or lifestyle. This disorder can be classified into four different categories; those categories are type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes, and other. Hyperthyroidism- This occurs when too much T4 or T3 is produced, they are hormones that control how your cells use energy. This disorder can run in families, but proper diagnosis and treatment can relive symptoms and prevent complications. Causes to this disorder can be excess iodine, inflammation of the thyroid gland, tumors of the ovaries or testes, benign tumors of the thyroid or pituitary gland, and taking large amounts of tetraiodothyronine. Symptoms to this disorder are weakness, irregular heartbeat, difficulty sleeping, itching, hair loss, nausea and vomiting, and breast development in men. Hypothyroidism- This is a condition where the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. When not enough thyroid hormone is produced it interferes with the body’s ability to perform normal metabolic functions such as efficient use of energy from food products, maintenance of healthy cells, bone, and muscles. The main cause of this condition is surgical removal of a person’s thyroid. Other causes to this condition can be congenital hypothyroidism, viral or autoimmune thyroiditis, medications, pituitary disease, not enough or too much iodine, or infiltration. Hyperparathyroidism- This condition occurs when the parathyroid glands make too much parathyroid hormone. The causes to this condition can be a tumor, gland enlargement, or other problems with the parathyroid glands. There are different types of this condition, they are primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. To diagnosis this condition some doctors use blood tests, urine tests, or kidney tests. Grave’s Disease- This is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Although a number of disorders may result in hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease is a common cause because thyroid hormones affect a number of different body systems, signs and symptoms associated with Graves' disease can be wide ranging and significantly influence your overall well-being. This disease is more common among women and before the age of 40. Thyroiditis- This disease directly translates to “inflammation of the thyroid gland”. Thyroiditis includes a group of individual disorders causing thyroidal inflammation but presenting in different ways. Postpartum thyroiditis, which causes temporary thyrotoxicosis (high thyroid hormone levels in the blood) followed by temporary hypothyroidism, is a common cause of thyroid problems after the delivery of a baby. Subacute thyroiditis is the major cause of pain in the thyroid. Thyroiditis can also be seen in patients taking the drugs interferon and amiodarone. Acromegaly- This is hormonal disorder that occurs when your pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood. When this happens, your bones increase in size, including those of your hands, feet and face. Acromegaly usually affects middle-aged adults. Acromegaly is an uncommon disease and the physical changes occur gradually, the condition often isn't recognized immediately; sometimes not for years. If not treated promptly, acromegaly can lead to serious illness and even become life-threatening. |
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