The Cardiovascular System
The heart contracts pumping and pushing blood through the body. It consists of four chambers made up of four valves, two atriums, two vena cava, one vein, and one aorta. The cycle starts when the blood from the body flows to the right atrium, entering the first chamber of the heart. After leaving the right atrium the blood reaches the second chamber, the right valve. Next the blood travels through the lungs. Once the blood exits the lungs it goes to the left atrium, where it will prepare to enter the last chamber of the heart. The blood enters its last chamber, known as the left valve. To finish the cycle, the blood is then pushing back into the body. The heart is one of the most complex and important organs simply because it circulates the body with blood and blood is a necessity for the human body to survive.
Air Pollution?
“A new study suggests that black carbon pollutants from wood smoke may increase cardiovascular disease in women.”(MedicalNewsToday)
Professor Jill Baumgartner of McGill University’s Institute for the Health and Social Policy in Canada research shows that nearly 50% of homes in china are using chemicals such as biomass and coal for cooking. The effects of these harmful chemicals have been found to affect mostly women who cook using traditional wooden stoves. Women are being exposed from the smoke that rises as they are using the stove to cook. The effect of this harmful smoke increases their blood pressure, and major cardiovascular risks. The black carbon also has been found to affect women who live near highways. Their exposure is due to traffic emissions which is causing their blood pressure to rise three times higher than the average woman. Baumgarter said “We found that black carbon from wood smoke negatively affects cardiovascular health, and that the health effects of wood smoke are exacerbated by co-exposure to motor vehicle emissions.”
(worked with Karen Levy & BreeAnna McClain)
http://publications.mcgill.ca/medenews/2014/08/28/black-carbon-linked-to-risk-of-cardiovascular-disease/
Cardiovascular Diseases
1. HTN- hypertension (high blood pressure “The silent killer”) caused by hormonal, mechanical problem with veins, multiple reasons to cause this.
2. Atherosclerosis- Plaque buildup (from high cholesterol) which can lead to hypertension. Arteriosclerosis: which also reduces blood flow that can lead to hypertension
3. CAD/Angina (symptom)- chest pain and is a symptom of coronary artery disease and the coronary artery are what feed the heart. The arteries that feed the heart are clogged and the blood flow cannot get to the muscles in the heart. Lack of oxygen to the heart muscles can start to cause pain which is angina.
4. MI (Myocardial infarction)- heart attack , heart attack doesn’t always kill people.
5. CHF (congestive heart failure)- There is 3 different types:
~Left-sided (works the hardest)
~Right-sided
~Edema
6. Ischemic Cardiomyopathy- A condition that occurs when the heart muscle the heart muscle is weakened. This condition evolves the left ventricle to be enlarged and dilated. Causes of this disease include narrowing of the arteries, inability of the heart to properly pump blood, and heart failure. Symptoms: tiredness/fatigue, chest aches, and shortness of breath.
7. Endocarditis (Infective Endocarditis)- It is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. The most common type is bacteria endocarditis, this occurs when bacteria enters the body (often the mouth), flow through the blood stream and reaches the heart. It is dangerous to the heart valves. Symptoms: Fever, shortness of breath, red spotting on the skin, and weight loss.
8. Arrhythmia- When the heart beat is too fast, too slow or has an irregular pattern. When the heart beats too fast, it is Tachycardia. When the heart beats too slowly, it is Bradycardia. The most common type of arrhythmia is known as atrial fibrillation. Causes include smoking, heart attack, and stress. Symptoms: Chest pain, sweating, and dizziness.
9. Rheumatic Fever- An inflammatory disease that typically develops after having the bacterial infection of Streptococcus group A (such as strep throat or scarlet fever). This disease has been known to cause heart valve problems. The most affected areas tend to be heart, skin, brain, and joints. Symptoms: Abdominal pain, fever, nose bleeding, and skin nodules.
10. Mitral Stenosis- When the “mitral valve” cannot open enough for the blood to travel from the left atria (upper chamber) to the left ventricle (lower chamber). Less than the necessary amount of blood is reaching the body, therefore causing a “build up” of pressure in the upper chamber of the heart. Blood and fluid then begin to collect in the lung tissue, making breathing very difficult. Problems typically occur 5-10 years after having Rheumatic Fever. Symptoms: Chest discomfort, fatigue, and swelling of feet and ankles.
Quizlet Cards:
http://quizlet.com/48074064/meghangodwinmhorrycountyschoolsnet-flash-cards/
Citation:
Pathology Made Incredibly Easy
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
http://cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Heart-Attack-l-Myocardial-Infarction.aspx/
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/phlebitis/article_em.htm
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/AboutArrhythmia/About-Arrhythmia_UCM_002010_Article.jsp
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-anemia-basics
The heart contracts pumping and pushing blood through the body. It consists of four chambers made up of four valves, two atriums, two vena cava, one vein, and one aorta. The cycle starts when the blood from the body flows to the right atrium, entering the first chamber of the heart. After leaving the right atrium the blood reaches the second chamber, the right valve. Next the blood travels through the lungs. Once the blood exits the lungs it goes to the left atrium, where it will prepare to enter the last chamber of the heart. The blood enters its last chamber, known as the left valve. To finish the cycle, the blood is then pushing back into the body. The heart is one of the most complex and important organs simply because it circulates the body with blood and blood is a necessity for the human body to survive.
Air Pollution?
“A new study suggests that black carbon pollutants from wood smoke may increase cardiovascular disease in women.”(MedicalNewsToday)
Professor Jill Baumgartner of McGill University’s Institute for the Health and Social Policy in Canada research shows that nearly 50% of homes in china are using chemicals such as biomass and coal for cooking. The effects of these harmful chemicals have been found to affect mostly women who cook using traditional wooden stoves. Women are being exposed from the smoke that rises as they are using the stove to cook. The effect of this harmful smoke increases their blood pressure, and major cardiovascular risks. The black carbon also has been found to affect women who live near highways. Their exposure is due to traffic emissions which is causing their blood pressure to rise three times higher than the average woman. Baumgarter said “We found that black carbon from wood smoke negatively affects cardiovascular health, and that the health effects of wood smoke are exacerbated by co-exposure to motor vehicle emissions.”
(worked with Karen Levy & BreeAnna McClain)
http://publications.mcgill.ca/medenews/2014/08/28/black-carbon-linked-to-risk-of-cardiovascular-disease/
Cardiovascular Diseases
1. HTN- hypertension (high blood pressure “The silent killer”) caused by hormonal, mechanical problem with veins, multiple reasons to cause this.
2. Atherosclerosis- Plaque buildup (from high cholesterol) which can lead to hypertension. Arteriosclerosis: which also reduces blood flow that can lead to hypertension
3. CAD/Angina (symptom)- chest pain and is a symptom of coronary artery disease and the coronary artery are what feed the heart. The arteries that feed the heart are clogged and the blood flow cannot get to the muscles in the heart. Lack of oxygen to the heart muscles can start to cause pain which is angina.
4. MI (Myocardial infarction)- heart attack , heart attack doesn’t always kill people.
5. CHF (congestive heart failure)- There is 3 different types:
~Left-sided (works the hardest)
~Right-sided
~Edema
6. Ischemic Cardiomyopathy- A condition that occurs when the heart muscle the heart muscle is weakened. This condition evolves the left ventricle to be enlarged and dilated. Causes of this disease include narrowing of the arteries, inability of the heart to properly pump blood, and heart failure. Symptoms: tiredness/fatigue, chest aches, and shortness of breath.
7. Endocarditis (Infective Endocarditis)- It is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. The most common type is bacteria endocarditis, this occurs when bacteria enters the body (often the mouth), flow through the blood stream and reaches the heart. It is dangerous to the heart valves. Symptoms: Fever, shortness of breath, red spotting on the skin, and weight loss.
8. Arrhythmia- When the heart beat is too fast, too slow or has an irregular pattern. When the heart beats too fast, it is Tachycardia. When the heart beats too slowly, it is Bradycardia. The most common type of arrhythmia is known as atrial fibrillation. Causes include smoking, heart attack, and stress. Symptoms: Chest pain, sweating, and dizziness.
9. Rheumatic Fever- An inflammatory disease that typically develops after having the bacterial infection of Streptococcus group A (such as strep throat or scarlet fever). This disease has been known to cause heart valve problems. The most affected areas tend to be heart, skin, brain, and joints. Symptoms: Abdominal pain, fever, nose bleeding, and skin nodules.
10. Mitral Stenosis- When the “mitral valve” cannot open enough for the blood to travel from the left atria (upper chamber) to the left ventricle (lower chamber). Less than the necessary amount of blood is reaching the body, therefore causing a “build up” of pressure in the upper chamber of the heart. Blood and fluid then begin to collect in the lung tissue, making breathing very difficult. Problems typically occur 5-10 years after having Rheumatic Fever. Symptoms: Chest discomfort, fatigue, and swelling of feet and ankles.
Quizlet Cards:
http://quizlet.com/48074064/meghangodwinmhorrycountyschoolsnet-flash-cards/
Citation:
Pathology Made Incredibly Easy
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
http://cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Heart-Attack-l-Myocardial-Infarction.aspx/
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/phlebitis/article_em.htm
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/AboutArrhythmia/About-Arrhythmia_UCM_002010_Article.jsp
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-anemia-basics